November 16th. You don't know men; they are difficult to judge precisely. Do they know, do they realize themselves fully? Had I continued prosperous, most of those who abandoned me would probably never have suspected their own treachery. In any case, I was more deserted than betrayed; there was more weakness about me than treason; they were the regiment of St. Peter, - repentance and tears may stand at the gates! Apart from that, who has there been in history with more partisans, more friends? Who has been more popular, more beloved? Who ever left behind more ardent regrets? Look at France: might not one say that from this rock of mine I still reign over her?

25th. When I returned from Moscow, from Leipzig, it was reported in Paris that my hair had turned white; but you see it is not so, and I expect to stand worse things than those!

29th. My Code alone,because of its simplicity, has done more good in France than the sum total of all the laws that preceded it. My schools are preparing unknown generations. And so during my reign crime diminished rapidly, whilst on the contrary among our neighbours in England it increased with frightful rapidity. And that is enough, I think, to give a clear judgment on the two governments.

People take England on trust, and repeat that Shakespeare is the greatest of all authors. I have read him: there is nothing that compares with Racine or Corneille: his plays are unreadable, pitiful.

30th, in the garden:
It is certainly far from poor Toby here (a negro gardener) to a King Richard! And yet the crime is no less atrocious; for, after all, this man had a family, happiness, an individual existence. And it is a horrible crime to have sent him here to finish his days under the load of slavery. But I read your looks; you think there is a similar case at St. Helena! There is not the least comparison between the two; if the misdeed strikes higher, the victim can fall back on far greater resources. Our situation may even have good points! The Universe watches us! We stand as martyrs of an immortal cause! Millions of men weep with us, our country sighs, and glory has put on mourning! We struggle here against the tyranny of the gods, and the hopes of humanity are with us! Misfortune itself knows heroism, and glory! Only adversity was wanting to complete my career! Had I died on the throne, in the clouds of my almightiness, I would have remained a problem for many; as it is, thanks to my misfortunes, I can be judged naked.

December 6th. Well, we shall have sentries under our windows for dinner at Longwood; they would like to compel me to have a foreign officer at my table, in my room; I must not ride out on horseback without one; in a word we must not take one step, under penalty of an insult!

January 1, 1816. In this accursed island one cannot see the sun or the moon for the greater part of the year; always rain or fog. One can't ride a mile without being soaked; even the English, accustomed as they are to dampness, complain of it.

15th. We have no superfluity here, except of time.

22d. On my return from the army of Italy, Bernardin de St. Pierre came to call on me, and almost at once turned the conversation on the subject of his poverty. During my boyhood I had dreamed of nothing but Paul and Virginia, and, flattered by a confession that I assumed to be confidential and due to my great reputation, I speedily returned his call, and discreetly left a little roll of twenty-five louis on the mantelpiece.

February 7. News of the death of Murat at Pizzo.

The Calabrese have been more humane, more generous, than those who sent me here!

8th. It was fated that Murat should do us injury. I would have taken him to Waterloo, but the French army was so patriotic, so honest, that it is doubtful if it could have been brought to swallow the disgust and horror that was felt for those who were traitors. I did not think I had the power to maintain him there, and yet he might have meant victory. For what was it we lacked at certain moments of the day? To break in three or four English squares, - and Murat was admirable at that business, he was the very man for it; there was never seen a more determined, fearless, brilliant leader at the head of cavalry.

17th. If I hadn't been fool enough to get myself beaten at Waterloo, the business was done; even now I can't see how it happened - but there, don't let's talk about it any more!

March 3d. I frightened them pretty well with my invasion of England, didn't I? What was the public talk about it at the time? Well, you may have joked about it in Paris, but Pitt wasn't laughing in London. Never was the English oligarchy in greater peril!

I had made a landing possible; I had the finest army that ever existed, that of Austerlitz; what more can be said? In four days I could have reached London; I would not have entered as a conqueror but as a liberator; I would have acted the part of William III again, but with greater generosity. The discipline of my army would have been perfect; and it would have behaved in London as it might in Paris. From there I would have operated from south to north,under the colours of the Republic, the European regeneration which later I was on the point of effecting from north to south, under monarchical forms. The obstacles before which I failed did not proceed from men but from the elements: in the south it was the sea destroyed me; and in the north it was the fire of Moscow and the ice of winter; so there it is, water, air, fire, all nature and nothing but nature; these were the opponents of a universal regeneration commanded by Nature herself! The problems of Nature are insoluble!

7th. Count Lascases Chambellan of the S. M. Longwood; into his polac: very press.

Count Lascases, Since sixt wek, y learn the english and y do not any progress. Sixt week do fourty and two day. If might have learn fivty word for day, i could know it two thousands and two hundred. It is in the dictionary more of fourty thousand; even he could most twenty; but much of tems. For know it or hundred and twenty week which do more two years. After this you shall agree that the study one tongue is a great labour who it must do into the young aged. Longwood, this morning the seven march thursday one thousand eight hundred sixteen after nativity the Lors Jesus Christ.

11th. The Emperor of Russia is intelligent, pleasing, well-educated, can fascinate easily; but one has to he on one's guard, he is a real Greek of the later Empire.
 

Greece awaits a liberator. What a splendid wreath of glory is there! He can inscribe his name for eternity with those of Homer, of Plato, of Epaminondas! I myself was perhaps not far from doing it! When at the time of my campaign of Italy I touched the shores of the Adriatic, I wrote to the Directoire that I could look out over the Empire of Alexander.
 

The French are all critical, turbulent: they are real weathervanes at the mercy of the winds; but this fault is free from any factor of self-interest, and that is their best excuse.

31st. With St. John of Acre captured, I could have reached Constantinople and India; I would have changed the face of the world!

April 1st. I can count thirty-one conspiracies on official record, without speaking of those that remain unknown; others invent such things, I have carefully concealed all I was able to. The risk to my life was a great one, especially between Marengo and the attempt of Georges and the affair of the Duke d'Enghien.

11th. Talleyrand's face is so impassive that it is impossible to interpret it; Lannes and Murat used to say of him jokingly that if, while he was speaking with you, some one kicked him from behind, his face would show nothing.

Fouché required intrigues just as he did food. He intrigued at all times, in all places, in all manners, with all people. He was always in everybody's boots.

(O'Meara: Which is the best of the French generals?)

It is difficult to say, but it seems to me that it is Suchet; formerly it was Masséna, but he may be considered a dead man. Suchet, Clausel, and Gérard are the best French generals, in my opinion. I made my generals out of mud.

18th. In my misfortunes, I sought an asylum, and instead I have found contempt, ill-treatment, and insult. Shortly after I came on board (Admiral Cockburn's) ship, as I did not wish to sit for two or three hours guzzling down wine to make myself drunk, I got up from table, and walked out upon deck. While I was going out, he said, in a contemptuous manner: - I believe the general has never read Lord Chesterfield; meaning, that I was deficient in politeness, and did not know how to conduct myself at table.

19th. I have no reason to complain of the English soldiers or sailors; on the contrary, they treat me with great respect, and even appear to feel for me. Moore was a brave soldier, an excellent officer, and a man of talent.

20th. England and France have held in their hands the fate of the world, especially that of European civilization. How we have injured one another!

21st. They want to know what I wish? I ask for my freedom, or for the executioner! Tell your Prince Regent what I say.' I no longer ask for news of my son since they have had the barbarism to leave my first request unanswered.
 

It is hard, all the same, to find myself without money; I might make arrangements to have an annual credit on Eugène of 7000 or 8000 napoleons. He could not very well refuse; he has had perhaps more than 40 millions from me, and it would be casting a slur on his personal character to doubt him.

26th. Well, after all said and done, circumstances might have led me to accept Islam, and as that excellent Queen of France used to say: How you do go on! But I should have wanted something worth my while, - at least up to the Euphrates. A change of religion, which is unpardonable for personal motives, may perhaps be accepted when immense political results depend on it. Henry IV rightly said: Paris is worth a mass. To think that the Empire of the East, perhaps the dominion of all Asia, was the matter of a turban and a pair of baggy trousers; for really that was all it came to.

Constantinople alone is an Empire; whoever possesses it can rule the world.

28th. Had I not won at Austerlitz, I would have had the whole of Prussia on my back. Had I not triumphed at Jena, Austria and Spain would have risen behind me. Had I not succeeded at Wagram, a far less decisive victory, I had to fear that Russia would abandon me, that Prussia would revolt, and the English were already in front of Antwerp. I made a great mistake after Wagram in not striking Austria down even lower. She remained too powerful for our security; she eventually destroyed us. Austria had come into my family; and yet this marriage was fatal to me. I stepped on to an abyss covered with flowers.

29th. My dear friend, you and I, in this place, are already in the next world; we are conversing in the Elysian Fields.

May 1st. They may change, and chop, and suppress, but after all they will find it pretty difficult to make me disappear altogether. A French historian cannot very easily avoid dealing with the Empire; and, if he has a heart, he will have to give me back something of my own. I sealed the gulf of anarchy, and I unravelled chaos. I purified the revolution, raised the people, and strengthened monarchy. I stimulated every ambition, rewarded every merit, and pushed back the bounds of glory! All that amounts to something!

10th. It is most remarkable how the revolution suddenly produced so many great generals, Pichegru, Kléber, Masséna, Marceau, Desaix, Hoche; and nearly all of them rankers; but there the effort of Nature seemed to stop, she has produced nothing since.

16th. Well, my dear fellow, things got pretty hot; I was angry! They have sent me something worse than a gaoler; Sir Hudson Lowe is an executioner! Well, I received him to-day with my face of thunder, head down, and ears back! We stared like two rams on the point of butting at one another; and my emotions must have been quite violent, for I felt my left calf twitching. That is a great symptom with me, and hadn't occurred for a long time.

You say, sir, that your instructions are more terrible than those of the Admiral. Are they to kill me by the sword, or by poison? I am prepared for anything from your Minister; here I am, slaughter your victim! I don't know how you can manage the poison; but as for the sword you have already found the way. I warn you that if, as you have threatened, you intrude on my privacy, the brave 53d will not pass in except over my body. On learning of your arrival I flattered myself that I should find in you an army officer who, having been on the Continent and having witnessed its great struggles, would have behaved with propriety towards me; I made a profound mistake. Your nation, your government, you yourself, will be covered with opprobrium because of me; and your children too; that will be the verdict of posterity. What subtlety of barbarism could go further, sir, than that which led you a few days ago to invite me to your table under the qualification of General Bonaparte, to make me the amusement and the laughing-stock of your guests? Would you have cut your courtesy to the rank you were pleased to assign me? I am not General Bonaparte for you, sir; you have no more right than any other person on earth to take from me the qualifications that are mine!
 

They will kill me here, my dear fellow, that is quite certain!

19th. When sleeping together it is not easy to lose touch; but otherwise people are quickly strangers. And so it was that so long as that habit lasted, none of my thoughts, none of my actions, escaped Josephine; she seized, guessed, kept track of everything, which was sometimes quite awkward for me and for business. A passing quarrel put an end to it at the time of the camp of Boulogne.

Josephine was always thinking of the future, and was alarmed at her barrenness. She realized fully that no marriage is complete and real without children; and she had married when no longer able to have any. As prosperity came, her anxiety increased; she had recourse to the medical art; she frequently pretended that success had resulted. Josephine had the excessive extravagance and disorderliness of the Creoles. Her accounts never could be balanced; she was always in debt; and we always quarrelled vigorously when the moment came for settling those debts. Even at Elba Josephine's accounts were showered on me from every part of Italy.

Another characteristic trait of Josephine was her constant attitude of negation. At any moment, at any question made to her, her first instinct was to deny, her first word was no; and the no was not exactly a lie, it was a precaution, a mere defensive; and it is just that which differentiates us from you, ladies, a fundamental distinction of sex and of education: you are made for love, and you are taught to say no. We, on the contrary, glory in saying yes, even when we should not. And there is the key of our difference in conduct. We are not and cannot be of the same sort in life.

If I were starting at night in a chaise for a distant journey, to my great astonishment there would Josephine be, waiting in it ready dressed, although it had not been arranged that she should go. - But you can't possibly come! I am going too far; it would fatigue you too much! - Not in the least, answered Josephine. - And I must start at once. - Well, I'm quite ready. - But you need a whole paraphernalia. - Not at all, she said; I have everything. - And generally I had to give in.

After all said and done, Josephine gave her husband happiness, and was always his tenderest friend, always and in all events showing submission, devotion, absolute self-sacrifice. And I have always thought of her with tender affection and keen gratitude.

Madame (Mère) was too parsimonious; it was ridiculous. I even offered her a large monthly allowance if only she would disburse it. She was quite ready to take it, but on condition she could keep it. In reality it was all merely an excess of prudence on her part; she was always afraid of finding herself penniless some day. She had known necessity, and could never free her mind from the memory of that terrible time. It is only fair to say, however, that she gave a great deal of money to her children in secret; she is such a good mother!

And yet this same woman from whom it is so difficult to extract a five franc piece would have given her all to help my return from Elba; and after Waterloo she would have given me all she possessed to help reëstablish my affairs; she offered it me; she would have sentenced herself to black bread without a murmur.

20th. I am sad, bored, ill; sit in that armchair, keep me company.

21st. What shall we read to-night? You all agree on the Bible? It is really most edifying; they wouldn't guess what we're doing, in Europe!

June 1st. When any one of my ministers, or other high personages, had blundered badly, and it was necessary to get annoyed, really angry, furious, I always took care to have a third party present at the scene; my rule was that when I had decided to strike, the blow should fall on a good many; the one on whom it fell was neither more nor less resentful; while the witness, whose face and embarrassment were worth seeing, would go off and discreetly spread far and wide what he had seen and heard: a healthy terror circulated through the veins of the social body. Things went better; I had to punish less frequently; I profited much and without doing much harm.

4th. I have been scolded for my laziness to-day, so here I , am back at work to attack several points at once; there will be something for everybody. I shall tackle the Consulate with Montholon, Gourgaud can have some other epoch, or separate battles, and little Emmanuel (Las Cases) can prepare the documents and materials for the period of the coronation.

8th. Everything proclaims the existence of a God; that is beyond doubt; but all our religions are clearly the offspring of men. A man can swear to nothing that he will do in his last moments; yet undoubtedly my belief is that I shall die without a confessor. Assuredly I am far from being an atheist; yet I cannot believe all that is taught, in spite of reason, without being dishonest and a hypocrite. Under the Empire, and particularly after the marriage with Maria Louisa, the greatest efforts were made to persuade me to go to Notre Dame in full state for communion, after the manner of our kings; I refused flatly; my faith was not strong enough for it to do me any good, and yet was too great to commit a sacrilege in cold blood. To know whence I come, what I am, whither I go, is beyond me, and yet there it is! I am the clock that exists but does not know itself. I can appear before God's tribunal, I can await his judgment without fear. I worked only for the glory, the power, the splendour of France; there all my faculties, my efforts, my time were given. That could not be a crime; to me it appeared a virtue!

10th. Fox came to France immediately after the treaty of Amiens. He was working at a history of the Stuarts, and asked my permission to search in our diplomatic archives. I ordered that he should be given access to everything. I received him frequently; I knew of his talents by reputation; I quickly found in him a lofty soul, a good heart, large, generous, liberal views, an ornament of humankind; I became attached to him. We conversed freely, leaving prejudices aside, on a variety of subjects, and when I wanted to rub it in I would remind him of the infernal machine, I would say that his Ministers had tried to assassinate me; he used to get quite heated arguing against me, and would always finish by saying in his bad French: Premier Consul, ôtez vous donc cela de votre tête!

13th. The terrible Moniteur that has ruined so many reputations is constantly useful and favourable for me alone. Reasonable men, men of real talent, will write history from the official documents; but these documents are full of me, and it is they I invoke and stand by.

18th. An inconceivable battle! An unheard of concurrence of fatal events! Grouchy - Ney - d'Erlon! Was it nothing worse than misfortune? Ah, unhappy France! Extraordinary campaign in which in less than a week I three times saw success slip out of my hands! Had it not been for the desertion of a traitor I would have crushed the enemy at the beginning of the campaign. I would have crushed them at Ligny had my left done its duty. Again, I would have crushed them at Waterloo had my right not failed me.

21st. They will always fear me! Pitt told them truly: there is no safety for you with a man who carries a whole invasion in his head. In any case, what is there to fear? That I should make war? I am too old. That I should run after glory? I am gorged with it, I turned it into litter.

July 12th. A questa casa, o in questo luogo tristo, non voglio niente di lui. I hate this Longwood. The sight of it makes me melancholy. Let him put me in some place where there is shade, verdure, and water. Here it either blows a furious wind, loaded with rain and fog, che mi taglia l'anima; or, if that is wanting, il sole mi brucia il cervello, through the want of shade when I go out.

15th. I had resolved to renew at Cherbourg the marvels of Egypt: I had already erected my pyramid in the sea; I would also have had my lake Moeris. My grand object was to be able to concentrate all our naval forces so as to aim a great stroke at the enemy. I was, so to speak, laying out the field so that the two nations could grapple with one another bodily; and the result could not be in doubt, for we would have been more than forty millions of French against fifteen millions of English; the end would have been a battle of Actium.

16th. (To Hudson Lowe.) Shall I tell you what we think of you? We believe you capable of anything, I mean anything; and so long as you live with your hatred, we shall live with our thoughts. The most evil deed of your Minister was not sending me to St. Helena, but making you its governor. You are a greater plague than all the afflictions of this hideous rock!

21st. The English trembled when we occupied Egypt. We were revealing to Europe the real way of taking India from them. They are not quite easy yet, and they are quite right.

22d. Man loves the supernatural. He meets deception halfway. The fact is that everything about us is a miracle. Strictly speaking, there are no phenomena, for in nature everything is a phenomenon: my existence is a phenomenon; this log that is being put into the chimney is a phenomenon; this light that illuminates me is a phenomenon; my intelligence, my faculties, are phenomena; for they all exist, yet we cannot define them, I leave you here, and I am in Paris, entering the Opera; I bow to the spectators, I hear the acclamations, I see the actors, I hear the music. Now if I can span the space from St. Helena, why not that of the centuries? Why should I not see the future like the past? Would the one be more extraordinary, more marvellous than the other? No, but in fact it is not so.

25th. Can it be possible that the Emperor of Austria, whose daughter I married, who solicited that marriage on his knees, to whom I twice restored his capital, who has in his keeping my wife and my son, should send a commissioner here without one single line for me, without the least little scrap of a bulletin on the health of my son?

29th, at dinner:
Gentlemen, Santini there, wanted to murder the governor?

What, thief? You meant to kill the governor? If that idea gets into your head again, you will have me to deal with; you'll see what I'll do to you!

August 4th. A man must have accomplished all that I have, to realize fully the difliculty of doing good. It sometimes needed all my power to succeed. If it was a question of extending the Tuileries gardens, of repairing the sewers, of carrying through a public improvement, all my energy was necessary; I had to write six, ten letters a day, and get hot and angry. I have spent as much as 30 millions on sewers which nobody will ever thank me for. Archimedes would promise anything if only he could place his lever; I would have done as much wherever I could place my energy, my perseverance, and my budgets. With budgets one could create the world.

18th. (Hudson Lowe: But, sir, you don't know me!)

Eh! And where could I have known you indeed? I have not met you on a field of battle. You were only good for hiring murderers. Look at that camp where your soldiers are. It I went to them and said: The oldest soldier of Europe asks you for a bit of your rations, - I should get a share of their dinner. I, who have governed the world, know what sort of people are employed on such duties. Only men with no sense of honour accept them. You do well to ask to be relieved. It will be good for you, and for me!

(To Admiral Cockburn.) Lowe's faults come from his ways of life. He has only commanded foreign deserters, Piedmontese, Corsicans, Sicilians, all renegades, traitors to their country, the lees, the scum of Europe. Had he commanded men, Englishmen, he would treat with respect those who are entitled to honour. All these details are degrading. Were you to stretch me on the burning coals of Montezuma or of Guatemozin you could not extract from me gold I do not possess. In any case, who is asking anything of you? Who has asked you to feed me? If you stopped your provisions and I were hungry, these brave soldiers would take compassion on me. I could go to the mess of their grenadiers, and I am sure they would not deny the first, the oldest soldier of Europe. In a few years your Lord Castlereagh, your Lord Bathurst and the others, you who are speaking, will be buried in dust and forgotten; or, if your names are known it will only be for the insults you have heaped upon me.

19th. That governor came here yesterday to annoy me. He saw me walking in the garden, and in consequence I could not refuse to see him. He wanted to enter into some details with me, about reducing the expenses of the establishment. He had the audacity to tell me that things were as he found them, and that he came up to justify himself: that he had come up two or three times before, to do so, but that I was in a bath. I replied: No, sir, I was not in a bath, but I ordered one on purpose not to see you.

28th. (Mme. de Montholon: Which were the best troops?)

Those that win battles, madam. And they are fickle, they must be taken on their day, like you ladies. The best troops have been, the Carthaginians under Hannibal, the Romans under the Scipios, the Macedonians under Alexander, the Prussians under Frederick. Some day my army of Italy and that of Austerlitz may be equalled, but, surely, never surpassed.

September 2d. I was the keystone of an edifice that was new, and had such weak foundations! If I had been beaten at Marengo, you would have had all 1814 then, less the glorious miracles that followed and that remain immortal. The same holds good for Austerlitz, for Jena, for Eylau, and elsewhere.

24th. My force of character has often been praised; yet for my own family I was nothing but a mollycoddle, and they knew it. The first storm over, their perseverance, their obstinacy, always carried the day; and, from sheer lassitude, they did what they liked with me. I made some great errors there. I did not have the luck Gengis Khan had with his four sons, who knew no emulation save that of serving him well. When I created a king, he at once considered himself by the grace of God. A delusion seized all of them that they were adored, preferred to me.

27th. That's it; work is my element; I was born, I was made for work. I have reached the limit with my legs; I have reached the limit with my eyes; but never in my work. And so I almost killed poor Méneval; I had to relieve him and put him out as a convalescent with Marie Louise, with whom his duties were a real sinecure.

29th. You want to know the treasures of Napoleon? They are enormous, it is true, but in full view. Here they are: the splendid harbour of Antwerp, that of Flushing, capable of holding the largest fleets; the docks and dykes of Dunkirk, of Havre, of Nice; the gigantic harbour of Cherbourg; the harbour works at Venice; the great roads from Antwerp to Amsterdam, from Mainz to Metz, from Bordeaux to Bayonne; the passes of the Simplon, of Mont Cenis, of Mont Genèvre, of the Corniche, that give four openings through the Alps; in that alone you might reckon 800 millions. The roads from the Pyrenees to the Alps, from Parma to Spezzia, from Savona to Piedmont; the bridges of Jena, of Austerlitz, of the Arts, of Sèvres, of Tours, of Lyons, of Turin, of the Isère, of the Durance, of Bordeaux, of Rouen; the canal from the Rhine to the Rhone, joining the waters of Holland to the Mediterranean; the canal that joins the Scheldt and the Somme, connecting Amsterdam and Paris; that which joins the Rance and the Vilaine; the canal of Arles, of Pavia, of the Rhine; the draining of the marshes of Bourgoing, of the Cotentin, of Rochefort; the rebuilding of most of the churches pulled down during the Revolution, the building of new ones; the construction of many industrial establishments for putting an end to pauperism; the construction of the Louvre, of the public granaries, of the Bank, of the canal of the Ourcq; the water system of the city of Paris, the numerous sewers, the quays, the embellishments and monuments of that great city; the public improvements of Rome; the reëstablishment of the manufactories of Lyons. Fifty millions spent on repairing and improving the Crown residences; sixty millions' worth of furniture placed in the palaces of France and Holland, at Turin, at Rome; sixty millions' worth of Crown diamonds, all of it the money of Napoleon; even the Regent, the only missing one of the old diamonds of the Crown of France, purchased from Berlin Jews with whom it was pledged for three millions; the Napoleon Museum, valued at more than 400 millions.

These are monuments to confound calumny! History will relate that all this was accomplished in the midst of continuous wars, without raising a loan, and with the public debt actually decreasing day by day.

October 21st. After all said and done, Mme. de Staël is a woman of great talent, very distinguished, of very keen intelligence: she has won her place. It might be said that if, instead of carping at me, she had taken my side, it would have been useful to me.

30th. I must admit that I was spoiled; I always gave orders; from my birth power was mine, I already rejected a master or a law.

November 6th. I was always searching for a man for my navy, without ever finding him. That business has about it a certain technicality, a certain specialness, that always held up my plans. The instant I put forward any new idea, immediately Ganteaume and the whole of the naval section were on my back. - Sire, you can't do that. - And why? - I was pulled up sharp. How can one maintain a discussion with people who speak a different language? How often have I reproached them with the abuse of this in the Council of State! To hear them one would have to be born in the navy to understand anything about it. It was in vain I struggled, I had to give in to their unanimity, not, however, without warning them that I left it on their consciences.

9th. Sidney Smith is a brave officer. He is active, intelligent, intriguing, and indefatigable; but I believe that he is half insane. Had it not been for that, I would have taken Acre in spite of him. He dispersed proclamations amongst my troops, which certainly shook some of them, and I therefore published an order stating that he was mad, and forbidding all communication with him. Some days after he sent, by means of a flag of truce, a lieutenant with a letter containing a challenge to me to meet him at some place he pointed out, in order to fight a duel. I laughed at this and sent him back an intimation that when he brought Marlborough to fight with me, I would meet him. Notwithstanding this, I like the character of the man.

11th. Democracy may run mad, but it has a heart, it can be moved; an aristocracy always remains cold, and never forgives.

16th. I am assured that it is through (Wellington) that I am here, and I believe it. I certainly gave him a bad quarter of an hour. That usually would appeal to a great soul; but his has not responded. Ah! old Blücher was worth a fine candle; without him I don't know where His Grace would be now; but at all events I would not be here.

25th. I have spent the day working out fortification problems with Bertrand, and it has seemed a very short one.

December 10th. I have never witnessed such a passion as that of Berthier for Mme. Visconti! In Egypt he would gaze at the moon at the very instant that she was doing the same. In the midst of the desert there was a tent sacred to her; her portrait was there, and he burned incense in front of it. Three mules were told off to carry it and the baggage. I would often go in, throwing myself on the sofa in my boots. It made Berthier furious; to him it was the desecration of his sanctuary. He loved her so that he would stir me up to speak of her although I always abused her; he didn't mind, he was delighted to be able to talk about her. If I had left him as commander-in-chief in Egypt, he would have evacuated the country immediately.

11th. My dear Count Las Cases, I am touched by what you are suffering; dragged from my side two weeks ago, you are locked up, unable to communicate or to receive communications, or even to have your own servant with you. I am gratified to have this opportunity of saying that your conduct at St. Helena has been, like your whole life, honourable and without reproach. Your company was a necessity for me. You alone read, speak, understand English. How often have you watched by me through nights of illness? However, I advise you, and if necessary order you, to ask the governor of this place to send you back to Europe. It would be a consolation for me to know that you were on your way to happier climes. If, some day, you should see my wife and my son, embrace them; it is now two years since I heard from them, directly or indirectly.

Console yourself, and console my friends. My body, it is true, is delivered over to the hatred of my enemies; they omit nothing that may satisfy their revenge; they are killing me by pin pricks; but Providence will not permit this to continue much longer.

As all the indications are that you will not be allowed to see me before you leave, receive my embrace, the assurance of my esteem and of my friendship. Be happy!

Your devoted, NAPOLEON.

29th. This governor is totally unfit to fill the situation he holds. He would employ cunning in saying, Good-day! I think he would eat his breakfast the same way.

30th. Ah, Warden, how do you do?

I certainly enjoy a good state of health. With respect to the English language I have been very diligent: I now read your newspapers with ease. In one paper I am called a liar, in another a tyrant, in a third a monster, and in one of them, which I really did not expect, a coward!

January 1st, 1817. To bear misfortune was the only thing wanting to my fame. I have worn the imperial crown of France, the iron crown of Italy; England has now given me a greater and more glorious one, - for it is that worn by the Saviour of the world, - the crown of thorns.

6th. What is electricity, galvanism, magnetism? There lies the great secret of nature. Galvanism works in silence. I believe that man is the product of these fluids and of the atmosphere; that the brain pumps in these fluids and produces life; that the soul is made up of them, and that after death they return to the ether whence other brains pump them.

9th. The Paris police terrifies more than it hurts. The post-office is a good source of information, but I am not sure that the advantage compensates the evil. It was not possible to read every letter, but those of the persons I specified and of my ministers were unsealed. Fouché, Talleyrand, never wrote; but their friends, their creatures, wrote, and by (such a person's) letter one could see what Talleyrand or Fouché had in mind.

February 3d. The Bishop of Nantes was an excellent confessor for Maria Louisa; he gave her good advice, explained how it was I could eat meat on fast days, and when I pushed the Empress hard she would tell me all that passed between them. Fesch said to her: if he eats meat, throw your plate at his head! - And Fesch would more likely have made me a Turk than a Christian. If I had had to be converted, I think that the Bishop of Nantes is the only man who could have succeeded; but I have read too much history and handled too many religious for that!

6th. My life here, were we in Europe and were I not a slave, would suit me very well. I would like to live in the country and develop my estate. It is the best life there is: A sick sheep supplies food for conversation. At the island of Elba, with plenty of money and means of entertaining, living in the midst of the scientific men of Europe as their centre, I would have been very happy.

28th. He must indeed be a barbarian who would deny to a husband and a father the consolation of conversing with a person who had lately seen, spoken to, and touched his wife and child, from whose embraces he is for ever separated by the cruel policy of a few. The Anthropophagi of the South Seas would not do it. Previous to devouring their victims, they would allow them the consolation of seeing and conversing with each other. The cruelties which are practised here would be disavowed by cannibals!

Nature in forming some men, intended that they should always remain in a subordinate situation. Such was Berthier. There was not so good a chief of staff in the world; but change his occupation, and he was not fit to command five hundred men.

March 3d. In spite of all the libels, I have no fear whatever about my fame. Posterity will do me justice. The truth will be known; and the good I have done will be compared with the faults I have committed. I am not uneasy as to the result. Had I succeeded, I would have died with the reputation of the greatest man that ever existed. As it is, although I have failed, I shall be considered as an extraordinary man: my elevation was unparalleled, because unaccompanied by crime. I have fought fifty pitched battles, almost all of which I have won. I have framed and carried into effect a code of laws that will bear my name to the most distant posterity. I raised myself from nothing to be the most powerful monarch in the world. Europe was at my feet. I have always been of opinion that the sovereignty lay in the people. In fact, the imperial government was a kind of republic. Called to the head of it by the voice of the nation, my maxim was, la carrière est ouverte aux talens without distinction of birth or fortune, and this system of equality is the reason that your oligarchy hates me so much.

6th. I was afraid there was bad news about my wife. Perhaps it's about my son; when you go into town tomorrow, try to see all the papers, and read them carefully.

April 3d. You English are aristocrats. You keep a great distance between yourselves and the popolo. Nature formed all men equal. It was always my custom to go amongst the soldiers and the rabble, to converse with them, hear their little histories, and speak kindly to them. This I found to be of the greatest benefit to me.
 

May 3d. Once for all, Admiral, I am bound to tell you what I think. With you English a foreigner is always a dog; one can expect neither help nor politeness. What! There was a botanist here, who had seen my wife and my child, and he was forbidden to give me any news of them; he is being prosecuted because he gave my valet a lock of my son's hair! If Hudson Lowe asks to see me, I shall refuse!

5th. Yes, I tasted happiness as First Consul, at the time of my marriage, of the birth of the King of Rome, but I was not quite secure then. Perhaps Tilsit was the (best) moment; I had had difficulties, worries, Eylau among others, and I was victorious, imposing my will, with emperors and kings to court me! Perhaps I felt more after my victories in Italy; what enthusiasm, what cheers for the liberator of Italy! At twenty-five years of age! From that moment I foresaw what I might become! I could see the world moving from under my footsteps as though I were sailing through the air.

16th. When I was at Tilsit with the Emperor Alexander and the King of Prussia, I was the most ignorant of the three in military affairs! These two sovereigns, especially the King of Prussia, were completely au fait as to the number of buttons there ought to be in front of a jacket, how many behind, and the manner in which the skirts ought to be cut. Not a tailor in the army knew better than King Frederick how many measures of cloth it took to make a jacket. In fact, I was nobody in comparison with them. They continually tormented me with questions about matters belonging to tailors, of which I was entirely ignorant, though, in order not to affront them, I answered just as gravely as if the fate of an army depended upon the cut of a jacket. The King of Prussia changed his fashion every day. He was a tall, dry looking fellow, and would give a good idea of Don Quixote. At Jena, his army performed the finest and most showy manœuvres possible, but I soon put a stop to their coglionerie, and taught them that to fight and to execute dazzling manœuvres and wear splendid uniforms were very different affairs. If the French army had been commanded by a tailor, the King of Prussia would certainly have gained the day, from his superior knowledge in that art!

Women, when they are bad, are worse than men. The softer sex, when degraded, falls lower than the other. Women are always much better or much worse than men.

21st. I can't sleep.

23d. Gourgaud, my friend, I can't walk any longer.

June 2d. A singular thing about me is my memory. As a boy I knew the logarithms of thirty or forty numbers; in France I not only knew the names of the officers of all the regiments, but where the corps had been recruited, had distinguished themselves; I even knew their spirit.

3d. The 32d demi-brigade would have laid down its life for me because, after Lonato, I wrote: The 32d was there: I was easy. - The influence of words over men is astounding!

13th. My own opinion is that I ought to have died at Waterloo; perhaps a little earlier. Had I died at Moscow, I should probably have had the reputation of the greatest conqueror ever known. But the smiles of fortune were at an end. The misfortune is that when a man seeks the most for death, he cannot find it. Men were killed around me, before, behind, everywhere, but no bullet for me.

14th. Marching on Landshut I met Bessières retreating. I ordered him to march forward. He objected that the enemy were in force. - Go ahead, - said I, and he advanced. The enemy seeing him take the offensive thought he was stronger than they and retreated. In war that is the way everything goes. It is moral I force more than numbers that wins the victory.

17th. Hudson Lowe says that I am the most subtle man in the world. I know how to put on a mild little expression when I want to get around anybody. That is how I won over O'Meara. I shammed sick to receive Lord Amherst so that, as he was just leaving, the governor couldn't undo the effect of all that I had said to him; I won his Lordship, whom I knew to be a not very intelligent person.

I wish to have no relations with Sir Hudson. Let him leave me in peace, for in ages to come his children will blush at their own name. Ah! good Heavens! how mistaken you are, nobody could be less subtle than I! On the contrary, my failing is that I am too easy-going. Ah! rascally governor!

August 3d. Hudson Lowe formerly thought that nothing which passed here would be known in Europe. He might as well have attempted to obscure the light of the sun with his hat. There are still millions in the world who are interested in me.

It is not the coat makes the gaoler, but manners and point of view.

24th. Misfortunes, you see, follow one another, and when misfortune comes, everything goes wrong. If only the battle of Vittoria had come earlier I would have signed peace, but it came at the very moment when I was bound not to. When the Allies saw that I had lost the battle, my artillery, my baggage, and that the English were marching into France, they concluded that I was lost. The French did not do much for me then. At the time of Cannæ the Romans redoubled their efforts, but that was because every individual stood in fear of death, of rape, of pillage. That is making war, but in modern campaigns everything is sprinkled with rosewater.

28th. Jesus was hanged, like so many a fanatic who posed as a prophet, a messiah; there were several every year. What is certain is that at that epoch opinion was setting towards a single God, and those who first preached the doctrine were well received: circumstances made for it. It is just as in my case, sprang from the lower ranks of society I became an emperor, because circumstances, opinion, were with me.

September 3d. If (Hudson Lowe) had his will, he would order me to breakfast at a certain hour, dine at another, go to bed at a time prescribed by him, and come himself to see it carried into execution. All will fall upon himself one day. He does not realize that what happens here will be recorded in history.

28th. O'Meara bearded Hudson Lowe and told him that in his opinion I had not six months to live. It's a good thing to have such a witness, it annoys the governor.

29th. St. Napoleon ought to bevery much obliged to me, and do everything in his powe r for me in the world to come. Poor fellow; nobody knew him before. He had not even a day in the calendar. I got him one, and persuaded the Pope to give him the fifteenth of August, my birthday.

November 2d. I could listen to the intelligence of the death of my wife, of my son, or of all my family, without a change of feature. Not the slightest sign of emotion, or alteration of countenance, would be visible. Everything would appear indifferent and calm. But when alone in my room, then I suffer. Then the feelings of the man burst forth.

30th. The King of Bavaria did not wish to give his daughter to Eugène, declaring that he did not know what adoption meant, and that he could only consider him as Viscount de Beauharnais. Josephine had had to put up with some slights at Munich, where they openly discussed in her presence the affection between the princess and the Prince of Baden. When I reached Munich the Elector came to see me in my study with a veiled lady. He raised the veil; it was his daughter; I found her charming, and was, I confess, somewhat embarrassed. I made the young woman sit down, and afterwards read a lecture to her governess. Should princesses fall in love? They are merely political merchandise.

The Queen of Bavaria was pretty, I enjoyed her society. One hunting-day the King started early, I promised to join him, but I went to see the Queen and staid an hour and a half. It caused talk, and the King was very angry, and when they met again he scolded her. She replied: Should I have shown him the door? I paid dear for my gallantry afterwards, for they followed me on my journey to Italy, where they were always after me; they had carriages that were breaking down every minute: I had to take them into mine; they were with me at Venice, yet, in reality, I was not annoyed because it gave me a following of kings.

December 21st. Whatever they say, I can make or unmake the reputation of the governor. All I choose to say of him, of his bad behaviour, of his ideas of poisoning me, will be believed.

25th. War is a singular art; I can assure you that fighting sixty battles taught me nothing I did not know at the first one. The essential quality of the general is firmness, and that is a gift from heaven.

January 7th, 1818. What I admire in Alexander the Great is not his campaigns, which we have no means of judging, but his political instinct. His going to Ammon was a profound political stroke; he thereby conquered Egypt. Had I remained in the East, I would probably have founded an Empire, like Alexander, by going to Mecca as a pilgrim, where I would have bowed the knee and offered prayers, but only if it had been worth while!

13th. What weariness every day! What martyrdom!

29th. To be a good general a man must know mathematics; it is of daily help in straightening one's ideas. Perhaps I owe my success to my mathematical conceptions; a general must never imagine things, that is the most fatal of all. My great talent, the thing that marks me most, is that I see things clearly; it is the same with my eloquence, for I can distinguish what is essential in a question from every angle. The great art in battle is to change the line of operations during the course of the engagement; that is an idea of my own, and quite new.

The art of war does not requite complicated manœuvres; the simplest are the best, and common sense is fundamental. From which one might wonder how it is generals make blunders; it is because they try to be clever. The most difficult thing is to guess the enemy's plan, to sift the truth from all the reports that come in. The rest merely requires common sense; it's like a boxing-match, the more you punch the better it is. It is also necessary to read the map well.

February 18th. You have the impudence to talk of the conscription in France; it wounds your pride because it fell upon all ranks. Oh, how shocking, that a gentleman's son should be obliged to defend his country, just as if he were one of the mob!

The conscription did not crush a particular class like your press-gang, nor the rabble, because they were poor. My rabble would have become the best educated in the world. All my exertions were directed to illuminate the mass of the nation instead of brutalizing them by ignorance and superstition.

May 14th. (To O'Meara.) So you are going to leave us, doctor? Will the world believe that they have been cowardly enough to attack my doctor?

July 25th. (To O'Meara.) The crime will be accomplished more quickly. I have lived too long for them. Your ministry does not lack courage; when the Pope was in France, I would sooner have cut off my right arm than have signed an order for the removal of his surgeon.

When you arrive in Europe you will either go yourself or send to my brother Joseph. You will inform him that I desire that he shall give you the parcel containing the private and confidential letters of the Emperors Alexander and Francis, the King of Prussia, and the other sovereigns of Europe, which I delivered to his care at Rochefort. You will publish them, to cover those sovereigns with shame. When I was strong, and in power, they begged for my protection, and licked the dust from under my feet. Now, in my old age, they basely oppress me, and take my wife and child from me. Farewell, O'Meara, we shall never meet again. Be happy!

September 26th. Place that dear child next to his mother, there, on the right, nearer to my chimney. You recognise her by her colour: it's Marie Louise; she holds her son in her arms. And the other, - you recognise it? It's the Prince Imperial. The other two are of Josephine: I loved her so dearly! You are examining that big clock? It was the great Frederick's alarum; I took it from Potsdam, - that was all Prussia was worth! My mantelpiece is not very sumptuous, as you see. My son's bust, two chandeliers, two silver gilt cups, two decanters for eau de Cologne, nail scissors, a small lookingglass. It is far from the spleadour of the Tuileries: but what of it, if I have fallen from power, I have not lost my glory. - I keep my memories.

September 23, 1819. Well, doctor, what do you think of it? Am I likely to disturb the monarchs' digestions much longer?

(Antommarchi: You will survive them, sire.)

No, doctor, the work of the English is nearly done, the mainspring is broken.

28th. I close my door to your drugs until to-morrow. I have some problems of algebra to work out.

October 4th. My country! my country! If only St. Helena were France I could be happy on this accursed rock.

Ah! doctor, where is the blue sky of Corsica? Fate has decided that I must not see again the scenes to which the memories of childhood recall me.

5th. Dottoraccio di Capo Corso! Leave me alone? Go out without my permission? You are a novice, so I forgive you; but neither the Grand Marshal nor General Montholon, would have gone out until I had given them leave.

14th. I am uncomfortable: I would like to sleep, read, do something or other. Aere is Racine, doctor; you are on the stage; come; I am listening, - Andromache. It's the play of unhappy fathers.

                ("I went to the spot where is kept my son,
                   Whom once in each day you permit me to see,
                   All, all that is left both of Hector and Troy;
                   I went there to mingle my tears with his,
                   I had not yet embraced him to-day -")

Doctor, it moves me too much, - leave me!

28th. My patent of nobility dates from Millesimo, from Rivoli. My family's is older. Only the genealogist Joseph can trace its origin; he pretends that we descend from I don't know how many obscure tyrants. After my reverses, I was only a Jacobin.

November 18th. What can I do?

(Antommarchi: Exercise!)

Where? Among the redcoats? Never! - How else? Hoeing the earth? Yes, doctor, you are right; I will hoe the earth.

July 26th, 1820. You are very attached to me, doctor; you spare nothing to relieve me; but all that is not the same as a mother's care. Ah! mamma Letizia!

August 10th. Has a man the right to kill himself? Yes, if his death injures n one, and if life is a burden to him. When is life a burden to a man? When it yields him only suffering and grief, But as suffering and grief change constantly, there can be no moment at which a man has the right to kill himself. That moment could only be at death's very door, because only then could it be proved that life was but a tissue of affliction and suffering.

September 18th. Happiness lies in sleep; Our necessities disappear with insomnia.

October 2d. The second book of the Æneid is considered the masterpiece of that epic; it deserves its reputation from the point of view of style, but not at all from that of realism. The wooden horse May come from a popular tradition, but the tradition was absurd and unworthy of an epic poem. There is nothing of the sort in the Iliad, where everything conforms to reality and to the practice of war.

14th. The art of medicine, my dear doctor, is none other than that of putting the imagination to sleep, of soothing it. That is why the ancients decked themselves out in robes and gowns that catch the eye and impose on one. You have given up the gown, and it is a mistake. Who knows? If you yourself appeared before me suddenly with an enormous wig, a toque, a trailing robe, I might take you for the god of health, although you are only that of drugs.

22d. My power lasted only a flash of time, but never mind, it was full, it was gorged with useful institutions; I consecrated the revolution; I infused it into our laws.

25th. Perhaps death will soon put a term to my sufferings.

27th. Well, doctor, how do you think I am? a little better ? The fact is the pills - They have done their work - The devil! doctor, you preach the (doctrine of) Pills with more unction than they do that of legitimity nowadays. Do you take any yourself?

(Antommarchi: Sire, there are well-tested drugs.)

Like those Corvisart used to give the Empress, breadcrumb pills that worked miracles just the same. Marie Louise used to praise their good effects to me every day. They are all the same.

(Antommarchi: No, sire.)

Eh! but I belong to your shop too! I have practised! Water, Air, cleanliness, that was the foundation of my dispensary. I never got much beyond those remedies. You laugh at my methods? All right, laugh away.

Your colleagues in Egypt did just the same; but experience proved that my flannel and brush were more use than their pills.

November 16th. Well, doctor, is this the end ? - I am going to get well, I suppose? A doctor would rather die than not try to persuade a dying man that he is not ill! - What, pills? A quinine mixture, as at Mantua?

19th. What a pleasant thing is rest! My bed has become a place of happiness for me; I would not exchange it for all the thrones of the universe. What a change! How I have fallen! I, whose activity knew no bounds, whose mind never slumbered! I am plunged in a stupor, in a lethargy; I have to make an effort to raise my eyelids.

December 8th. Desaix was devoted, generous, tormented by the thirst for glory; his death was one of my misfortunes. He was skilful, alert, bold; he made light of fatigue, and even less of death: he would have followed victory to the ends of the earth. Brave Desaix!

26th. You want to get me into the garden ? Very well. - I am very weak, my trembling legs will hardly hold me up.

Ah, doctor, how tired I am! I feel this fresh air I breathe is doing me good. Never having been sick, never having taken medicine, I can hardly have an opinion about such matters; the state I am now in appears in fact so extraordinary to me that I can scarcely realize it.

The newspapers report the death of Princess Elisa. Well, you see, Elisa points the way; death which appeared to have forgotten our family, has begun to strike it; my turn cannot be long delayed. The first of our family who will follow Elisa to the grave is that great Napoleon who is bending under his load and who yet keeps Europe in alarm.

January 22d, 1821. Will you not confess that I am right, dottoraccio maledetto? Is not my medicine better than yours? These cursed doctors are all the same; when they want their patient to do anything they deceive him, and frighten him. Isn't it time, dottoraccio? - Well, all right; we must obey the faculty.

February 15th. Were you at Milan when I assumed the Iron Crown? And when I went to Venice? Venice had put all her gondolas on the water, and fringes, and plumes, and stuffs; all that was lovely and fashionable had gathered at Fusine. Never had the Adriatic witnessed a more gorgeous procession.

March 15th. Ah, doctor, how I suffer!

26th. A consultation? What's the good? You are all, blind playing with the blind. Another doctor would not see any better than you can what is going on in my body. In any case, who is there to consult? Englishmen who would be under the influence of Hudson Lowe? I won't have them; I have already said so; I prefer that the iniquity should be accomplished.

29th. Quod scriptum scriptum; can you doubt, doctor, that all that happens to us is written, that our hour is, marked?

(Antommarchi: But, sire, your medicine!)

It is incredible how I dislike medicine! I could face danger with indifference, and see death without a tremor, but, however great an effort I make, I cannot put to my lips a cup with the least medicine in it.

30th. Kléber! He was the god Mars in uniform!

April 2d. A comet! It was the omen foretold the death of Cæsar!

5th. Ah, why did the bullets spare my life if it was only to lose it in this wretched way?

6th. I have always shaved myself, never has any person placed a hand on my cheek. Now that I am helpless, I must make up my mind to it.

12th. Thanks for your services, doctor; it's lost labour.

Doctor Arnott, don't people die of weakness? How can a man live eating so little?

13th. (Antommarchi with pills.)

Are they well wrapped up, covered? They won't poison my mouth? Really? (To Marchand.) Well, here you are, rascal, swallow them. He needed medicine, didn't he, doctor, and my pills will do him good? Give him some more now; as for me, I won't touch them again.

15th. I have nothing but satisfaction to express with my beloved wife, Maria Louisa; I shall retain my tender sentiments for her till my last breath; I beg her to watch and protect my son from the pitfalls that still surround his young days.

I bequeath to my son the objects specified in the schedule hereto. I hope this slight legacy will be dear to him, as recalling the memory of a father whom the whole world will tell him of.

Marchand will keep my hair, and will have a bracelet made of it that is to be sent to the Empress Maria Louisa.

16th. I wish my ashes to rest by the banks of the Seine, in the midst of the people of France whom I loved so dearly.

I have written too much. Ah, what suffering! What oppression! I feel at the left end of the stomach a pain that is unbearable. - You ought to marry, doctor. Marry an Englishwoman, her ice-cold blood will moderate the fire that devours you; you will become less obstinate. - Give me the potion!

19th. You are not mistaken, my friends, I am better to-day; but none the less I feel the end drawing near. When I am dead you will all have the sweet consolation of returning to Europe. You will see your relatives, your friends there, while I shall meet the brave in the Elysian Fields. I will relate the last events of my life to them.

21st. I was born in the Catholic faith, I wish to carry out the duties it imposes and to receive the consolation it gives.

24th. I have written too much, doctor; I am collapsing, I can't go on.

25th. (To M. Lafitte.) Monsieur Lafitte: I handed you, in 1815, as I was leaving Paris, a sum of six millions for which you gave me a duplicate receipt; I have cancelled one, and I charge Count Montholon to present the other to you, in order that you may hand the said sum to him after my death.

28th. After my death, which cannot be far off, I want my body to be opened; I also want, I exact, that no English doctor shall touch me. I further wish you to take my heart, place it in spirits of wine, and take it to my dear Marie Louise at Parma. You will tell her that I loved her tenderly, you will relate to her all you have seen, all that concerns my situation here, and my death.

May 2d, 2 A. M.:
Steingel! Desaix! Masséna! Ah, victory is ours; go, hasten, press home the charge; they are ours!

3d, 3 P. M.:
You have shared my exile, you will be faithful to my memory, you will do nothing to injure it.

5th. 5.30 P. M.:
. . . head . . . army . . .

5.50 P. M.: