IT is not eaƒy to determine the number of cannon which ought to attend an army. A numerous artillery qualifies forces for great enterprizes, and enables them to attack an enemy, and defend themƒelves, with vaƒt advantage. But, beƒides that it is very expenƒive, it is alƒo very troubleƒome in long and fatiguing marches, and the number of horƒes it requires very much enhances the expence, by means of the great quantity of forage which they conƒume.
        According to the calculation of our ancient engineers, there ought to be one piece of cannon to every thouƒand men; ƒo that in an army of 40,000 men, there ought to be 40 pieces of cannon. But the number of cannon ought to be proportioned to the nature of the enterprize an army is intended to undertake, and the difficulties and obƒtacles it has to ƒurmount. An army has not all its artillery with it at all times, but it ƒometimes lies canton'd in the neighbouring towns, eƒpecially when the army is not near enough to the enemy to expect an attack, or is not intent on coming up with him to give him battle, or, laƒtly, when the places where the artillery lies are ƒo near as that it may be brought together in a very little time.
        We ƒhall now give the particulars of a train of artillery for an army of 50,000 men, pretty near to what M. St Remy gives in his Memoirs, which will ƒerve to convey ƒome idea of a train neceƒƒary for a greater army. That author gives but 50 pieces of cannon to this army, but he ƒuppoƒed it was only to ƒerve in Flanders, a place full of fortified towns, from whence cannon and warlike ammunition might eaƒily be brought, in caƒe they ƒhould be thought neceƒƒary.
        A train of artillery for an army of 50,000 men, which ƒhould be intended to penetrate far into an enemy's country, at a great diƒtance from any fortified places of their own, ought to be much more confiderable.

        || See p. 113. for the weight allotted to each horƒe.

        * The author having before allotted 300 weight to each horƒe, which in this article would be 1200 lb. to each cart, ƒeems here to allow 100 lb. for cheƒts, caƒks, &c. to contain the powder, bullet and match.

        † Here 200 lb. is allowed for caƒks, &c. Or elƒe, as the powder is the moƒt eƒƒential article, it is thought proper, by making the load leƒs, to ƒubject the carriage of it to the leaƒt inconveniencies poƒƒible.

        (8) Caiƒƒons are great wooden caƒes covered at the top with a ƒlope or pent, which are carried upon a cart, and ƒerve to contain the various implements belonging to the train, which cannot be carried in the common waggons and carts, alƒo the ammunition-bread.

        It muƒt be remarked in this table, that the load of each cart drawn by 4 horƒes is eƒtimated at about 1200 lb. weight. It has been proved, that the force of a draught-horƒe may be eƒtimated, at a medium, to be equal to about 300 lb. weight (9), the reƒult of which is, that 4 horƒes can draw a weight of 1200 lb. There are nevertheleƒs ƒome ways, and ƒome kinds of ƒoil, as mountains, &c. where a horƒe cannot draw 300 lb. weight; but theƒe are extraordinary caƒes, the inconveniencies of which are remedied by relays of horƒes, which are generally found among trains of artillery, or by horƒes, or other beaƒts of draught, taken up on the spot.
        Our 24 pounder is known to weigh 5400 lb. weight; if this number be divided by 300, the number 18 will reƒult for the quotient, which is the number of horƒes neceƒƒary to draw this piece of ordnance. They may however be very well reduced to 16, as is done in the preceding table, becauƒe the ƒtrength of all the horƒes being as it were united, is capable of an effort ƒomething greater than could be made by their ƒtrength, if exerted ƒeparately.
        In the ƒame manner the number of horƒes neceƒƒary to draw any other pieces, of which the weight is known, may be found. The weight of each piece of ordnance is generally marked upon it, all our founders being obliged to mark the weight, not only upon cannons, but even on mortars and pedreros, by the ordinance of the 7th of October 1732.
        Under the article of cannon we have taken notice of the weight of the principal pieces, and we shall here add the weight of mortars, which was omitted under that head.
 

SECT. II. Of the Weight of Mortars.

ACCORDING to St Remy, the mortars which have concave chambers, that hold 18 pounds of powder, weigh about 5000 lb. thoƒe the chambers of which hold 12 lb. of powder, 2500; and thoƒe whoƒe chambers contain 8 lb. weigh about 2000. According to the ordinance of October 7, 1732, the mortar of 12 inches diameter, with a cylindrical chamber containing 5 pounds and an half of powder, ought to weigh 1450 pounds; that of 8 inches, 3 lines diameter, with a cylindrical chamber, containing one pound and three quarters of powder, ought to weigh 500 lb. that of 12 inches diameter, having a chamber in shape of a pear, containing 12 lb. of powder, 2300 lb. and, laƒtly, that of 12 inches diameter with the pear-ƒhaped chamber, containing 5 lb. and an half of powder, ought to weigh 1700 lb.

        To the tables already given we ƒhall yet add a plan of a train conƒiƒting of 1000 horƒes, as given by M. de Quincy, author of the Military Hiƒtory of Lewis XIV. which will ƒerve to give a more compleat idea of all the things neceƒƒary in a train of artillery, with regard to the number of horƒes employed in it. This train is divided into brigades, that is, into the different corps which a train of artillery is divided into, in order to march.

Plan of a train of Artillery, conƒiƒting of one thouƒand Horƒes.
 

	Firƒt Brigade.
Teams		Horƒes
1	For one waggon with 300 tools, one third mattocks, one third ƒpades, and one third hedging-bills	4
12	For 4 pieces of cannon, 24 pounders (10) of the new invention, mounted and furniƒhed	48
2	For 1 ƒpare carriage with its chevre, (11) or triangle, and 2 sets of furniture	8
3	For 3 waggons of neat powder, each loaded with 1200 weight	12
8	For 8 caiƒƒons of bullet, each containing 50 bullets, 10 cartouches, and 6 packs of match	32
5	For 5 waggons, each loaded with 3 casks of powder, 3 barrels of ƒhot, and 1 of flints for the firelocks, containing 900	20
2	For 2 waggons for the officers of the brigade	8
33		132

 

	Second Brigade.
Teams		Horƒes
1	For one waggon of tools, as in the firƒt brigade	4
16	For eight 8 pounders with their furniture	64
11/2	For 1 ƒpare carriage, and 2 sets of furniture, 1 team and an half, making	6
4	For 4 waggons of neat powder, each loaded with 1200 weight	16
6	For 6 caiƒƒons of bullet, each containing 130, 20 cartouches, and 6 packs of match	24
5	For 5 waggons loaded as in the firƒt brigade	20
2	For 2 waggons for the officers	8
351/2		142

 

	Third Brigade.
Teams		Horƒes
1	For one waggon of tools	4
10	For ten 4 pounders mounted, with their furniture	40
1	For 1 ƒpare carriage, and 2 sets of furniture	4
2	For 2 waggons of neat powder	8
3	For 3 caiƒƒons of bullets, each containing 300, 20 cartouches, and 6 packs of match	12
5	For 5 waggons loaded as in the former brigade	20
2	For 2 waggons for the officers	8
24		96

 

	Fourth Brigade.
Teams		Horƒes
1	For one waggon of tools	4
10	For ten 4 pounders mounted, with their furniture	40
1	For 1 ƒpare carriage, and 2 sets of furniture	4
2	For 2 waggons of neat powder	8
3	For 3 caiƒƒons of bullets, each containing 300, with cartouches and match, as before	12
5	For 5 waggons loaded as in the firsƒt brigade	20
2	For 2 waggons for the officers	8
24		96

 

	Fifth Brigade.
Teams		Horƒes
1	For one waggon of tools	4
10	For ten 4 pounders mounted, with their furniture	40
1	For 1 ƒpare carriage	4
2	For 2 waggons of neat powder	8
3	For 3 caiƒƒons of bullets, each containing 300, 20 cartouches, and 6 packs of match	12
5	For 5 waggons loaded as before	20
2	For 2 waggons for the officers	8
24		96

 

	Sixth Brigade.
Teams		Horƒes
1	For one waggon of tools	4
10	For ten 4 pounders mounted, with their furniture	40
1	For 1 ƒpare carriage	4
2	For 2 waggons of neat powder	8
3	For 3 caiƒƒons of 300 bullets each, 20 cartouches, and 4 packs of match	12
5	For 5 waggons loaded as before	20
2	For 2 waggons for the officers	8
24		96

 

	Seventh Brigade.
Teams		Horƒes
1	For one waggon of tools	4
10	For ten 4 pounders mounted, with their furniture	40
1	For 1 ƒpare carriage with its furniture	4
2	For 2 waggons of neat powder	8
3	For 3 caiƒƒons of bullets, containing each 300 bullets, 20 cartouches, and 6 packs of match	12
5	For 5 waggons loaded as before	20
2	For 2 waggons for the officers	8
24		96

        Beƒides theƒe brigades, there muƒt be yet more teams, to draw the tools, and other things neceƒƒary in a train of artillery, viz.
 

Teams		Horƒes
3	For 3 waggons of tools	12
4	For 4 waggons of grenadoes	16
15	For 15 waggons loaded with powder, ball, and flints for the firelocks	60
1	For 1 waggon of hogs-greaƒe	4
1	For 1 waggon of earth-ƒacks, and cordage	4
1	For 1 caiƒƒon loaded with 4000 earth-ƒacks, 10 pair of traces, 6 double and 4 ƒingle, and 1 barrel containing 1000 flints for the firelocks	4
1	For 1 caiƒƒon loaded with 300 hatchets	4
1	For 1 caiƒƒon loaded with 600 bills	4
2	For 2 caiƒƒons of miners tools	8
2	For 2 Forges compleat	8
1	For 1 waggon loaded with 1200 weight of iron	4
1	For 1 waggon of wood for remounting	4
33		132

The total number of horƒes employed in the brigades, &c. above, amounts to 954; ƒo that 46, or 11 teams and an half, are ƒtill remaining, which ƒerve to draw what in artillery is called the menus achapts, or ƒmall things ; as ƒlamboys, candles, cordage and packthread, wire, padlocks, nails, ƒteel, glue, files, lanterns light and dark, tin meaƒures to meaƒure the powder, tunnels, paper, pen-knives, ink, ƒealing-wax, &c. and alƒo the tools of the artificers belonging to the artillery.